Trucking is the backbone of the logistics industry, responsible for moving goods across cities, states, and borders. Understanding the various freight types and the corresponding equipment used is essential for anyone exploring a career in logistics or looking for entry level truck driving jobs.
From refrigerated goods to oversized cargo, each load requires specific handling and the right type of trailer or truck configuration. This guide offers a comprehensive look at the most common freight types and the equipment used to transport them safely and efficiently.
Dry Van Freight and Standard Trailers
Dry van loads are among the most common types of freight in the industry. Drivers transport these non-perishable goods in an enclosed trailer, which protects the cargo from weather and theft.
Dry van trailers are versatile and ideal for boxed, palletized, or loose cargo. Retailers and manufacturers typically use this freight type and require no specialized equipment or permits.
Refrigerated Loads and Reefer Units
Transporting perishable goods such as food, pharmaceuticals, and temperature-sensitive items requires refrigerated trailers, commonly called reefers.
These units are equipped with temperature control systems to ensure cargo stays within the required temperature range throughout the journey.
For drivers seeking CDL jobs Texas, handling reefer loads opens opportunities in essential sectors like food supply and healthcare.
Flatbed Freight for Oversized Cargo
Flatbed trailers are the go-to choice for loads that don’t fit inside enclosed trailers. Construction materials, large equipment, and machinery are commonly moved using this method.
Since flatbed loads are exposed, securing the cargo with straps and tarps is critical to maintaining safety on the road.
This type of freight requires additional training in load securement and often comes with higher pay for experienced drivers.
Tanker Loads for Liquid Freight
Tanker trailers transport liquids such as fuel, chemicals, and food-grade products like milk. The tanker hauling is a specialized segment in the industry and often requires endorsements beyond a standard CDL. Tanker loads present unique challenges, including slosh movement inside the tank that can affect vehicle handling. This type of trucking is ideal for those looking to expand their skills and explore advanced roles in logistics trucking.
Intermodal Freight with Container Trucks
Intermodal shipping combines multiple modes of transportation, typically rail and truck. Container trucks pick up and deliver standardized cargo containers from rail yards and ports. This type of freight is efficient, reduces handling costs, and is a sustainable option for long-distance transport. Intermodal trucking suits those based near ports or urban hubs where multimodal facilities are active.
Also Read: Trucking Finance Loans: How to Secure Financing for Your Fleet
Heavy Haul and Specialized Equipment
Heavy haul loads exceed standard weight or dimension regulations and require specialized trailers like lowboys, RGNs (removable gooseneck trailers), or multi-axle setups. These loads often include industrial machinery, transformers, or wind turbine components. Drivers working in this category need special permits and often pilot car assistance. It’s a high-responsibility segment offering strong earning potential for skilled professionals.
Auto Transport with Car Haulers
Auto transport involves moving multiple vehicles on open or enclosed car carriers. This equipment is specifically designed to secure cars during transit. The demand for auto transport is consistent, driven by car dealerships, auctions, and online vehicle sales. Drivers must be comfortable with loading and unloading techniques, as well as height and balance requirements when stacking vehicles.
Livestock Hauling with Specialized Trailers
Transporting live animals requires trailers equipped with ventilation, non-slip flooring, and partitions. Livestock hauling is a niche market demanding care and attention to animal welfare. Proper route planning is essential to reduce animal stress, and regulations vary depending on the type of livestock being moved. It’s a rewarding but physically demanding sector of trucking.
Dump Trailers for Bulk Materials
Dump trailers carry loose materials like sand, gravel, or demolition debris. The trailer’s ability to tilt makes it easy to unload at construction sites or recycling centers. This type of freight is seasonal and region-specific but provides consistent local work for drivers looking to stay close to home.
Hazmat Freight and Regulatory Compliance
Hazardous materials include flammable liquids, gases, and chemicals. Transporting hazmat freight requires additional endorsements, strict regulatory compliance, and extensive safety training. The cargo is labeled and documented following federal guidelines. Hazmat drivers are in demand due to the sensitive nature of the freight and the high standards required for handling it.
Partial Truckload and LTL Shipments
Partial truckload or Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipments involve combining loads from different customers into a single truck. This approach maximizes space and reduces costs for shippers. Drivers must manage multiple drop-offs and maintain accurate documentation. LTL freight is popular in regional distribution and urban delivery settings and is ideal for those seeking flexibility in route and load types.
Conclusion
The trucking industry thrives on its ability to transport a wide range of freight using specialized equipment tailored for safety, speed, and regulatory compliance. For aspiring drivers exploring entry level truck driving jobs, understanding these freight and trailer types is crucial to aligning with a career path that suits your lifestyle and long-term goals. Whether you’re handling frozen goods, machinery, or livestock, there’s a trucking segment for every skill level and interest.
As the demand for transportation grows, trucking companies continue to look for skilled professionals to support the supply chain. Understanding load types not only boosts driver confidence but also enhances delivery success and safety. By investing in training and aligning with the right job opportunity, drivers can tap into a fulfilling and well-compensated career in logistics.
Those exploring professional opportunities can find roles ranging from CDL jobs to specialized positions across various freight categories. The growth in logistics trucking is undeniable, and staying informed helps new and seasoned drivers alike make informed career decisions.
If you’re seeking insights into the best trucking company options or aiming to understand the dynamics of trucking freight, this guide provides a practical foundation.
FAQs
What is the most common type of freight in trucking?
Dry van freight is the most common, used to transport non-perishable goods in enclosed trailers across regional and national routes.
Which trailer is used for perishable goods?
Manufacturers design refrigerated trailers, or reefers, to carry temperature-sensitive cargo such as dairy, frozen food, and medications.
What is the difference between flatbed and dry van trailers?
Flatbeds are open and used for oversized or irregularly shaped cargo, while dry vans are enclosed and used for general consumer goods.
Is hauling hazmat freight more profitable?
Yes, hazmat freight often pays more due to the specialized training, certifications, and compliance required for safe transportation.
Can beginners handle intermodal freight?
Yes, intermodal freight can be a good starting point, especially near ports or rail hubs, as it involves routine container deliveries with minimal manual handling.
What kind of license is required for tanker or hazmat trucking?
Drivers need a CDL with additional endorsements—specifically the “N” endorsement for tankers and the “H” endorsement for hazardous materials. Combined, it’s known as an “X” endorsement.
Is livestock hauling suitable for new drivers?
Livestock hauling usually requires experience and special handling skills. While not ideal for complete beginners, those with agricultural backgrounds may adapt quickly.
What is a partial truckload and when is it used?
Shippers use a partial truckload (or LTL) to carry smaller shipments from multiple clients when the freight volume doesn’t require a full trailer but still demands faster delivery than standard freight.
Do dump trailer jobs require a CDL?
Yes, drivers typically require a CDL to operate dump trailers, especially when the vehicle exceeds weight limits or serves commercial purposes on public roads.
Which equipment type pays the most in trucking?
Heavy haul and specialized equipment jobs generally offer the highest pay due to the complexity, permits, and safety protocols involved in transporting oversized or overweight loads.
