Nails

The most typical Wire Nailspoint is a four-sided taper cut called a diamond point. Other nails may have a blunter point to prevent splitting certain woods. Chisel points, barbed points, needle points. And many others are sometimes used on specialty nails. Explore the wire nail making machine
As new building materials become available. Nail manufacturers work to develop new nails. There are special nails for tile roofing. Hardwood flooring, shingles, rain gutters, wall board, sheet metal, and concrete. Some new nails are designed to drive by air-powered nail guns rather than by a hammer. There have even been new nails designed for specific applications in the aerospace industry.
Nails are essential to the construction of wood-framed buildings. This, however, was not always the case. Until the late 18th century, Americans built wooden buildings using heavy timber frames. At places where these massive timbers had to hold together, one end of a post or beam would be cut down to form a tongue (“tenon”) and fitted into a hole (“mortise”) cut in the adjoining beam. Additional strength could be added by driving wooden pegs through auger holes in the joined timbers. The skill and labor involved in such construction was considerable; carpenters had to be highly skilled individuals and, as such, commanded high prices in colonial America.
local blacksmiths
Until the end of the 18th century, nails were imported from England or made by local blacksmiths. The smithy, or often his apprentice, took a piece of bar iron maybe 5 feet long and 0.06-0.25 inch in diameter. Holding one end he heated the other, laid it on the anvil, and, using the flat face of his hammer, tapered all four sides to about an inch from the end. He then used the peen, or sharpened end of his hammer, or a hardy, a wedge-shaped attachment to his anvil, to cut a notch in the rod. He thrust the sharpened end of the rod into a tapered hole in his anvil and snapped off the short nail. Then he flattened the end of the nail with four or five quick strikes of the hammer and popped it out of the anvil hole with a quick, upward strike at the point.
Between 1790 and 1830, several mechanical devices were developed in Europe and the United States to speed the production and lower the cost of nails. It is not entirely coincidental, therefore, that the balloon-framed house, which relied on two-by-fours held together by nails, was invented in the early 1830s in Chicago. The balloon-frame system required much less skill and labor in carpentry and made use of mass-produced nails.
Common Nails
Common nails work for general fastening projects, including construction work like framing and structural assemblies, as well as woodworking projects. These nails are best for fastening jobs where the strength of the nail matters more than the appearance. A common nail has a round head and a sturdy shank that provides strength.
Framing Nails
Like common nails, framing nails are also used for framing projects and craft projects. You’ll often find these collated for use in framing nailers. They may have smooth, ring, or spiral shanks, and depending on the type of nailer they work with, will have round or clipped heads.
Box Nails
Box nails have a design like common nails but with a narrower shank. This smaller diameter reduces the likelihood of splitting the wood components as you drive the nail. It also means the nails don’t have the strength of common nails, so they aren’t appropriate for structural applications.
Sinker Nails
Sinker nails typically have a checkered head that helps prevent the hammer from sliding off the nailhead. The heads are designed to drive flush with the work piece. The shank on a sinker nail will often be coated with vinyl to make the nail easier to drive and to make it hold better, but the coating doesn’t provide corrosion resistance.
Deck Nails
Like sinker nails, deck nails often have a checkered head for better contact with the hammer. They may have smaller diameter shafts to minimize splitting. The shanks often feature rings or a spiral flute to help hold the nail in place. Deck nails have a corrosion-resistant finish that allows then to be used outdoors and with treated lumber.
Roofing Nails
Roofing nails secure asphalt shingles, roof felt and roof decking or sheathing. Since they’re exposed to the elements, they may be made of aluminum or have a finish that protects against corrosion. Some feature a gasket under the head to create a weather-resistant seal. Roofing nails have larger than usual heads for their shank diameter, and the ringed or spiraled shanks are sturdier than usual for their length.
Masonry Nails
Masonry nails fasten wood to brick, mortar, concrete block or uncured concrete. They’re made from hardened steel to allow driving into these materials. Some are cut to a flat, angular shape. Extruded masonry nails are usually short and thick, with round, fluted or grooved shanks. The flutes spin the nail as it’s driven, making it easier to drive.
Siding Wire Nails
Siding nails secure wood and fiber cement siding to a structure. Since they’re exposed to the elements, they’re made of corrosion-resistant material or have a corrosion-resistant finish. Siding nails may have small heads to make them inconspicuous after they’re installed. And ringed. Or spiral shanks for holding power.
Joist Hanger Wire Nails
Joist hanger wire nails are for attaching joist hangers to wood studs. These nails have a sturdy shank to provide strength and will often be hot-dipped galvanized for exterior use and for use with treated lumber.
Duplex Nails
Duplex nails are for temporary work such as constructing scaffolding or building forms for concrete projects. They have two heads along the shank, one that secures the nail against the workpiece and one that allows for easy removal.
Connector Nails
Connector nails are designed for attaching structural hardware such as framing angles and rafter ties.
Cap Nails
Cap nails feature a plastic cap just under the nailhead to secure house wrap, felt, or foam insulation and prevent tear out. The nails have a spiral shank that keeps the fastener in place.
Trim Nails
Trim nails are designed for exterior use on homes. They secure home gutters, fascia and soffit board as well as exterior trim.
Finish Nails
Finish or finishing nails are used in fine carpentry and cabinetry, and work well for moulding. A small diameter shaft (often 16- to 10-gauge) reduces the chance of splitting the workpiece. Finish nails have small heads that can either be driven flush to the workpiece or countersunk — driven below the surface with a nail set — to conceal them from view.
Brad Wire Nails
Brads nails are smaller versions of finish nails. They don’t have the holding strength of finish nails but are good for woodworking, cabinetry and craft work. Like finish nails, brad nails have heads only slightly larger than the diameter of the shaft to allow countersinking.
Pin Nails
Pin nails are for use with nailers. These have a very small diameter (23 gauge) and no head. The don’t have a lot of holding power but they’re inconspicuous and can be combined with glue to secure thin veneer and small pieces of moulding and trim.
Drywall Nails
Drywall nails have large, round heads that may be dimpled or designed for countersinking. These features allow them to be easily driven below the surface of the wallboard for concealment and minimize tearing of drywall paper. You’ll also see long diamond-shaped points designed to reduce splitting of wall studs. You can find drywall nails with smooth shanks or with ringed shanks to help keep them in place.
Panel Board Nails
Panel board nails have small, round heads and are used for fastening wall panels to studs or furring. Some have ring shanks for holding power. And they’re often available painted in different colors to match the panels you’re installing.
Flooring Nails
Flooring nails include nails designed for use in pneumatic nailers for installing some types of wood flooring, as well as short spiral nails that secure flooring trim and nails with longer, ringed shanks for installing underlayment or subflooring.
Furniture Nails
Furniture nails or upholstery nails small nails with relatively large, decorative heads. Their primary function is to secure upholstery fabric to a wood frame.
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